A Formal Application :: Free Essay Writer

The Ambiguity of Death Since the production of man, certain base inclinations have been engraved into the human being’s mind. Out of a considerable lot of those the intuition of death is incorporated, most likely coming from the need of executing to get one’s food. The sense of death remains today and has been changed, adjusted, stifled and exemplified. In "A Formal Application" the amusing hypothesis of applying passing as a lifestyle is depicted through a man’s demonstration of slaughtering a feathered creature. The sonnet courses through the work on, arranging and execution of a typical flying creature. The peak of the sonnet comes when he alludes to his demonstration of brutality as a "Audubon Crucifix". Through different models in history he approves this pointless cross. "A Formal Application" rejoins humankind by deifying the significance of death.      The structure of the sonnet is isolated into three areas containing three stanza’s each. There is no clear rhyme plot making it a free refrain and writing piece. The setting is outside, in all likelihood near the speakers house, and encompassed by timberland and untamed life. It happens in the mid 1900’s and most likely in the spring-time. This piece is assembled of nine triplets isolated into three segments. The main segment of three triplets begins with the speaker sharpening his blade tossing aptitudes.      In the principal segment the speaker begins his preparation. By this training he naturally discloses to us that he needs for this activity to happen consummately. By culminating his abilities he affirms to us the significance of this demonstration to him. In the principal verse he starts to figure out how to deliver torment with his blade by tossing it. He shape a kitchen utensil into a lethal weapon by upgrading his tossing aptitudes. The subsequent verse shows his movement from just tossing the blade, to hitting an objective. The last verse includes him focusing on a moving article. This shows he will cause hurt on a living thing with his weapon of decision      With his methods for weaponry characterized we learn he despite everything needs a moving objective as well as a living one. The following segment of triplets connotes his arranging and luring of his prey. In the primary verse he begins to weave his exercise of double dealing by "teaching" the winged creatures. By fooling the feathered creatures into speculation he is a wellspring of food, he picks up the fundamental component of shock he requirements for his later execution.

Essay Writing Website

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Supply chain initiatives at Apple Inc

Flexibly chain activities at Apple Inc For reasons as different as its way of thinking of complete tasteful structure to its unmistakable publicizing efforts, Apple has set up an extraordinary notoriety in the shopper hardware industry. This incorporates a client base that is given to the organization and its image, especially in the United States.[10] Fortune magazine named Apple the most respected organization in the United States in 2008, and on the planet in 2008, 2009, and 2010.[11][12][13] The organization has additionally gotten across the board analysis for its contractual workers work, natural, and strategic approaches, 4 Serious PRIORITIES AT APPLE INC. APPLE has figured out how to build its market cost by acquainting new items with draw in the clients. The ongoing items are APPLE Ipod and APPLE IPHONE 4G. Ease of use and Product configuration are the fundamental key patterns and serious needs of apple. The key component in assembling procedure are to recognizing contenders fabricating technique examine. In this investigation, Im going to discover which serious needs that APPLE utilized and which one helped APPLE the most in the regions of gracefully chain, quality and peformances. 1.1 COMPANY OVERVIEW APPLE INC. (NASDAQ: AAPL; already APPLE COMPUTER, INC.) is an American worldwide partnership, which produces buyer gadgets, pc virtual products and PCs. STEVE JOBS, STEVE WOZNIAK and RONALD WAYNE are the author of APPLE INC, set up in Cupertino, California on april1, 1976 and joined January 3 1977, and afterward the organization was known by APPLE COMPUTER, INC. It stands out in development with its honor winning work area and journal PCs, OS X working framework, ILife and its scope of expert applications. Macintosh additionally initiates the computerized music upset with its iPod compact music players and iTunes online music store. The organization recorded incomes of 65.07 billion in the monetary year finished March 2010, an expansion of 34.06% more than 2009. The companys working benefit was 18.27 billion in financial 2010, an expansion of 35.74% more than 2009. Its net benefit was 14.01 billion in monetary 2010, an expansion of 41.23% more than 2009. 1.2 OPERATIONS STRATEGY OF APPLE INC. The Operations Strategy of APPLE INC. Restricted has changed as their business has developed after some time. The area beneath tracks the different key tasks technique, for example, the Manufacturing ( forms included and areas), the Supply chain activities throughout the years, Inventory Management, Quality Management, Research and Development Initiatives, Procurement system, Vendor Management and so forth . The segment features the key characterizing operational techniques embraced by the organization during this period. 1.2.1 MANUFACTURING: When Steve Jobs propelled the iMac in 1998, he was cited as saying, these new product offerings give individuals what they need most, an extremely quick PC and a striking new purchaser Macintosh. Is Jobs right in this evaluation? Is speed, look, and brand actually the fundamental drivers for buyers? Did Jobs methodology to catch piece of the pie in the PC business center around the correct viewpoints? This paper will dare to state no and recommend the accompanying elective technique: Apple should assemble another business in Wintel PCs, while proceeding to offer Macs to the plan and distributing section of the market. So as to help this end, Apples upper hands and industry powers must be broke down. Apple has been doing business since 1976, and discharged various new brands in serious way. The four key tactis and separations are marking, new advancement in equipment plan, elevated standard in pieces of the overall industry and easy to use. In 1998, the shoppers didnt need a MACHINTOSH. APPLES marking to the market is solid and has been since the1970s when APPLES clients hanging tight for their new developments. The principle segment of apple is easy to understand to the clients. Adding additional equipment and programming to a Mac was practically simple as stopping speakers to the cell phone. Due to this steadfastness, apple had the option to frame a cozy relationship with its clients, especially with the training and configuration distributing ventures, which felt as 80% of APPLEs advertise position in 1998(Exhibit A). Moreover, the 1998 Think Different crusade spread Apples picture as imaginative and in vogue. It empowered Apple to turn into a substitute dependent on plan alone, giving it a specific edge over its khaki-clad rivals. But these focal points, Apple despite everything figured out how to lose a lot of benefit, and its piece of the overall industry dwindled from 8% to 3.4% from 1995 1998 (Exhibit B). The organization additionally slipped in the training segment during this time by as much as 14% every year. So as to comprehend why Apple was losing so much ground, we should investigate the intensity of providers and purchasers in the business. Most remarkably on the providers side are microchips and working frameworks, where Intel and Microsoft are the prevailing names. In light of their semi imposing business models, which empower them to control products and control valuing, these two providers have gigantic impact. Purchasers, who additionally have solid impact in view of the wide cluster of items accessible, were attracted to the Intel/Windows bundle (Wintel) due to the brand names, lower costs, and the wide expansion of the items. Apple, notwithstanding, decided to execute a PowerPC/MAC OS blend o ver the standard Wintel bundle. The principle misrepresentation in Jobs standpoint was following this restrictive system. Thus, Apples reach to clients decreased. In 1998, Macintoshs working framework piece of the overall industry was at 5% contrasted with Microsofts strength of practically 90%. Moreover, this procedure can help in the remote field, where Apple has the conspicuous brand name and Wintel is the predominant stage. With experts anticipating the biggest increments in development rates through 2005 to be in the Asia/Pacific and the remainder of the world , Apple will have a more noteworthy viewpoint for worldwide achievement. In general this procedure calls for Apple to concentrate on their abilities and move away from wasteful acts of the past. Permitting themselves to think outside about their exclusive boxes will no uncertainty increment their capacities to see ahead making a course for benefit. 1.2.2 Supply Chain Initiatives at APPLE INC. For reasons as different as its way of thinking of complete tasteful plan to its unmistakable promoting efforts, Apple has set up an interesting notoriety in the shopper gadgets industry. This incorporates a client base that is committed to the organization and its image, especially in the United States.[10] Fortune magazine named Apple the most respected organization in the United States in 2008, and on the planet in 2008, 2009, and 2010.[11][12][13] The organization has likewise gotten across the board analysis for its contractual workers work, ecological, and strategic approaches, The flexibly chain of the new Apple iPhone and, sooner or later, the gracefully chain of the Apple TV, trusting this may assist with showing the multifaceted nature associated with assembling the Apple iPhone an element rich item I wish I could have, on the off chance that I could manage the cost of it (update: Ive had a few iPhones now). 1.2.3 Linking the gracefully chain to the business system The gracefully chain upgrades depicted show that flexibly chain the board can possibly improve an organizations seriousness. Flexibly chain ability is as imperative to a companys by and large methodology as by and large item procedure. Gracefully chain the executives energizes the board of procedures across offices. By connecting gracefully bind goals to organization technique, choices can be set between contending expectations for the flexibly chain. Upgrades in execution are driven by remotely based targets as opposed to by inner division destinations. Dealing with the gracefully chain implies overseeing across conventional utilitarian territories in the organization and overseeing collaborations outside to the organization with the two providers and clients. This cross-limit nature of the executives underpins fusing flexibly chain objectives and abilities in the key arrangement of the organization. This attention on combination would then be able to prompt utilizing the flexibly chain to get a manageable upper hand over contenders. The effect of overseeing in general item request and the gracefully of item will affect the benefit of the organization. The gracefully chain methodology can be seen as the example of choices identified with sourcing item, scope organization, transformation of completed item, arrangement of completed item, request the executives and correspondence, and conveyance. Connecting flexibly bind system to the business methodology includes characterizing the key business forms engaged with creating a companys i tem or administration. 1.2.4 Procurement Apple is known for its imaginative reasoning. They have built up a product offering that is both useful and appealing. Their product offering has as of late extended to another level. Their iPods will before long have the option to speak with uniquely planned Nike running shoes where you could get information, for example, calories consumed and separation ran. This venture can profit the two organizations and lift the interest for iPods. Apples iPod line will have a reasonable preferred position over the various mp3 players in the market. Notwithstanding Apples combination with different items, numerous vehicles models from every significant automaker have furnished their new models with iPod availability. Concerning their work area and scratch pad segments, Apple has grown new lines that are more affordable while keeping up its excellent norms. These more affordable PCs should help increment deals later on. Apple has likewise changed its chip provider from IBM to Intel. This change would make Apple increasingly good with different frameworks. It empowers Apple to run the Windows working framework, which gives the client greater adaptability. 1.2.5 Quality Mac Computer Inc. is one of the most seasoned equipment makers that power over the item by assembling the two PCs and their activity framework. I

How important is finance to a company - Free Essay Example

Finance is important to any company, because enough capital ensure the smooth operation of company. Faced many kinds of way to finance, company must choose a reasonable method. Debt can cut down the cost of capital but increase the risk as well. Equity has low risk but high cost. So by analyzing the capital gearing is important. Beside, the WACC also can assess the financial condition. As an international mining company, Xstrata pay great attention to the strategy of finance. This report firstly calculate the capital gearing of Xstrata ,then evaluate the capital structure. Secondly, by calculating the WACC, this report analyze the usage of debt and cost of capital. Because the special role of liabilities, so the proportion of debt must be suitable. At last, this report will assess the current source of long-term financing .Large amount of debt will increase the risk of companying the context of capital structure and WACC ,the Xstrata has reasonable financing way. 1.0 Introduction Finance is important to any company, because enough capital ensure the smooth operation of company. Faced many kinds of way to fianc, company must choose a reasonable method. Debt can cut down the cost of capital but increase the risk as well. Equity has low risk but high cost. So by analyzing the capital gearing is important. Beside, the WACC also can assess the financial condition. 2.0 The capital gearing of the Xstrata As an international mining company, Xstrata pay great attention to the strategy of finance. So its important to critically evaluate the companys current sources of long term finance. For a company, there are many methods to absorb funds .But the relationship between capital structure and financial risk is sensible. So the calculation about gearing is very important. 2.1 The debt to equity is high Capital gearing=long-term debt / shareholders fund. It focused on revealing the stability of the financial structure as well as its own funds to the debt risk tolerance. In this company, the indicators are too high, which reflecting the financial structure is not stable. By analyzing the financial statement of Xstrata, especially the balance sheet(appendix), the long-term debt is 25855.Moreover, the structure of non-current liabilities is clearly, it concludes 9 items as follows: trade and other payables ,interest-bearing loans and borrowings ,convertible borrowings, derivative financial liabilities ,other financial liabilities ,provisions ,pension deficit ,deferred tax liabilities ,other liabilities. AS the security of debt, the shareholders funds are 22763.So the gearing is 1.136.This formula show the safest condition of capital structure. Because the shareholders fund is the own assets of company, it have less repayment risk. Adequate shareholders funds can guarantee the financial security. Under normal circumstances, the Lowe equity ratio is popular, which indicate the strong ability of long-term solvency of enterprises and the high level of protection of the interests of creditors. Though the lower the ratio, the smaller the risk company will encounter, companies can not make full use of the financial leverage. 2.2. Xstrata has sufficient assets to guarantee long-term liabilities There is another capital gearing which can be shown in another way that is long-term debt/long term debt and shareholders funds. Both data of the long-term debt and shareholders fund can be get from the balance sheet(appendix).By calculating, the gearing is 25855/48618=0.531,which was significantly decline. Compared with the first one, this gearing expand its cardinal number. It takes the whole asset as the security of long-term debt. The advantage of it is enhancing the confidence of investor. Because the decrease of gearing can be consider as positive information which indicate a safe financial condition. In other words, it didnt accurately reflect the real repayment ability of Xstrata. 2.3 The debt to total ratio is reasonable Commonly speaking, there is a gearing which is used very broadly. That is gearing=all borrowing/all borrowing+shareholdersfunds. This gearing is also called debt to total assets ratio. The item all borrowing is the sum of non-current liabilities and current liabilities, that is 30915 US$m, and the data can be get from the balance sheet. Then the data about the denominator is the response of total asset, that is 55314 US$m.Then, the ratio is 30915/55314=0.558.This ratio reflect the proportion of debt in total asset, so it show the repayment ability of company and the level of security of interest of creditors. The low level of it means the small debt responsibility .But is also has limitations. For a rational investor, the analyzing of capital structure is very important; especially the relationship between current asset and fixed asset should be paid attention. Moreover, capital structure also affects operational risk. So, an objective attitude is advisable. Compared with industry se ctor, the conservative consider the 50% is security. Under normal circumstances, the smaller the asset-liability ratio is the stronger corporate long-term solvency a company has. But not all people hold this opinion. If the target is too small it indicates that the use of financial leverage is not enough business. Internationally as asset-liability ratio was 60% fit? In the case of Xstrata, it has an appropriate ratio and is making full use of debt as well. Then, there is the last method to calculate the gearing .The gearing =long-term debt/total market capitalization. The data can be easily got from the balance sheet. And the total market capitalization is 33000million.So the ratio is 25855/33000=0.783.This result may be minimum among the four formulas. But it has inevitable defects. The data may exaggerate the level of security. In this circumstance, company put itself to guarantee the long-term debt. There is lot of risk in this condition. Generally speaking, this is the baseline a company can accept. 3.0 The weighted average cost of capital and capital structure 3.1 Two methods to calculate the cost of the capital Having known the gearing, the company should calculate the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC).By doing this; this report can give a critical evaluation of the current sources of long-term financing. Firstly, the cost of every item is needed. In order to Cleary analyze the capital structure, this report only choose ordinary share as equity item. For Strata company, the current ex-div share price is 363.04p,the dividend is 18US cent/share, because Xstratas Board of Directors has decided to waive the final dividend for 2008.Then the growth of dividends should be expected based on the historical data .From 2005 to 2007,the dividend respectively is 25Uscent/share,30Uscent/share,34Uscent/share.Based on this trends, the expected growth rate is 15%.So,the cost of ordinary is22.8% .Beside,retained earnings also have an opportunity cost, and it is wrong to consider it as a free source of finance. Generally speaking, it is equal to the cost of equity. Having known the cost of equity by method discussed above, there is another mathematical calculation. In many cases, Capital Asset Priming Model (CAPM) was used to calculate the cost of equity. Compared with last method, it considers the systematic risk witch can not be minimized or eliminated easily. Due to this ,it can analyse the cost in a macro-environment .And the formula is: k= Rf + ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ² j (Rm Rf).Rf means risk-free rate, it can be approximated by the yield to maturity of treasury bills such as short-term government debt .Due to the current yield data, this report choose 4.9% as risk-free rate. For the beta, it can easily get from the report of Xatrata, and it is 2.81.The beta show a relationship between systematic risk and its impact on specific stocks. Generally speaking, the index which beyond 1 means the systematic exceed the market risk .Beside the two rates mentioned above, the most difficult index to decide is the risk premium. The return of market can be a pproximated by using stock exchange index, such as FTSE 100.But it often over-estimate the risk, so geometric risk premium is recommended. For risk premium, this report gets it by analysing the regular change of it. For the period 1918-1977 ,the risk premium is9%- now seen as too high, and for the period 1900-2001 is was 4.5% but 7.2% for 1951-2001.Then over the period 1926-2002,Ibbotson Associates found 8.4% .Current equity risk premium of 3% to 5%.But in the financial crisis, the return of market is low. Referencing to the return of market, which usually is 4%-7%, this report take 6% as a proxy risk premium. So the cost of equity is 4.9%+2.81*6%=21.76%. Both of the two methods can calculate the cost of equity. Compared with the first one, CAPM inevitably has disadvantage. Based on the assumption that unsystematic risk can be eliminated by diversified portfolios hold by investor, the only factor infects the cost of equity is index beta. Beside risk-free rate and beta, there is no other sensitive element. Moreover ,if the investment diversification is not enough, the company will face not only the system risk but also the scattered independent risk .In this case, the real existed risk can not reflected by this model, CAPM will underestimate the cost of equity. Secondly, this report will analyze the cost of debt. By analyzing the balance sheet of Xatrata, this report considers interest-bearing loans and borrowings as the main source of long-term finance. So the cost of capital of long-term bet equals finance cost/interest-bearing loans and borrowings. The data about finance cost can be get from the income sheet (appendix) which is 1147 US$m and another data 16337US$m can be get from the balance sheet. In the same time, the enterprise tax is 30%.So the cost of debt is 4.9%. 3.2 The capital structure of Xatrata is reasonable Based on the balance sheet, both the weight of debt and equity can be get .Because the weight is made by calculating the proportion of debt and equity. So the weight of equity can be reflected by the rate which is issued capital+retained earning/long-term debt+shareholeds funds. So, the weight of debt is calculated in the someway. Then, the WACC of Xatrata is 12.253%, and its structure is reasonable.43%source of long-term finance is equity capital and 57%source of finance is debt. That means the company has made full use of debt. 4.0 The appropriate usage of debt is important With the context of capital structure and WACC, the evaluation of the long term finance is important. Generally speaking, debt and equity capital is the main source of long-term finance. Capital Structure is the mix of financial securities used to finance the firm. Sometime, the debt-equity ratio reflects the capital structure. So, the balance between share capital and debt capital is important. And the value of a firm is defined to be the sum of the value of the firms debt and the firms equity. Whats more, there is a relationship among capital structure, cost of capital and the value of the firm. According to traditional theory of capital structure, within the framework of certain liabilities, the increasing of debt will lead the cost of equity increase, but this crease can not offset the deduction of WACC which is caused by debt financing. So it is important to control the limitation. In this limitation, the increase of debt financing can cut down the WACC, which can also increase the value of company. In contrast, the financial risk will increase when the limitation was exceeded. In the same time, WACC will increase and the value of company will drop. According to this theory, there is an optimal capital structure which can get by adjusting the debt ratio. Another theory found by Modigliani and Miller thought that debt can increase the value of company, and the effect is positively correlated. In the case of tax exist in the company, liabilities interest was diminished before tax, which can reduce the tax. In other words, the increased earning caused by the tax saving can totally contribute to the value of company. But in real word, this situation is not accurate. This financial crisis was partly duo to the wrong way of financing. October24, 2008, the United States, Alpha Bank and Trust shut down, which become the 16th bank collapsed as a result of sub-prime mortgage crisis. In the march of 2008, the first investment bankBear Stearns which collapsed due to the crisis has a high total asset to equity ratio. Whiling the use of debt management can increase return on investment, it also bring high financial risk. Because when there is financial distress in a company, obligations to creditors are not met or are met with and the cost of debt will become considerable with very high gearing. So high level of debt increases the financial risk therefore, firm value can be affected. In the case of Xstrata, its capital structure is reasonable. Because the WACC was usually used as the tool to decide the investment .Compared with the need rate of return, the WACC is acceptable when it is high than the rate of return. But it is not means the lower the better. The capital structure is also very important. Based on the good capital structure, a company can make full use of capital gearing and keep the low risk as well. In the case of Xstrata, its capital gearing is not very high and the debt to total assets ratio is 53.1%.Compared with industry sector, it is acceptable. Due to the enough capital to ensure the payback ability, Xstrata effectively use debt t finance in the safe financial condition. Beside this, the WACC of Xstrata is low .Based on the reasonable capital structure, low WACC can raise the value of company. But this only means Xstrata has an ability to finance by a mix of debt and equity. In the current economic and financial climate, mortgage and leasing is very common. Finance derivatives are also used as source of finance. But it is difficult to manage and has high risk especially in the financial crisis. 5.0 Conclusion Long-term finance is very important to a company. So the source of long-term finance is should paid great attention. Generally speaking, company finance by using debt capital or shareholders funds. So the capital structure must be reasonable. High debt means high risk a company must encounter but it also means a low cost of capital. So a low WACC not must increase the value of company. A good company must have a good balance in the debt and equity capital. Reference Allen, M.T. (1995), Capital structure determinants in real estate limited partnerships, The Financial Review, Vol. 30. pp: 399-426 Chiang Yat Hung and Chan Ping Chuen (2002), Capital structure and profitability of the property and construction sectors in Hong Kong, Journal of Property Investment Finance, Vol. 20 pp: 434-453 Eugene, B. and Scott, B. (2004), Essentials of Managerial Finance, New York: Thomson Learning Michael, F. and Mitchell, A. P. (2006), Does the Source of Capital Affect Capital Structure? The review of financial studies, Vol.19, No.1,pp:45-79 This article is not included in your organizations subscription. However, you may be able to access this article under your organizations agreement with Elsevier. Luzi Hail, Christian Leuz (2009), Cost of capital effects and changes in growth expectations around U.S. cross-listings, Journal of financial economics, Vol.93, No .3, pp: 428-454 Michael, F. and Mitchell, A. P. (2006), Does the Source of Capital Affect Capital Structure? The review of financial studies, Vol.19, No.1,pp:45-79 Mario, M., Francesco, R. and Laura, Z. (2008), On the Equivalence between the APV and the WACC approach in a growing Leveraged Firm, European Richard, A. B., Stewart, M. (2000) Principle of corporate Finance. New York: McGraw-Hill Viviane, F. (2006), The CAPM and value at risk at different time-scales, International Review of Financial Analysis, Vol.15, No.3, and pp: 203-219

The Macroeconomic Theory Of The Economy Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1533 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Economics Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? As we are discussing the macroeconomic theory of the open economy, it is important to look at the individual governments macroeconomic policies, which are monetary and fiscal policy. In the United States, the monetary policy that is put in place, affects an organizations economic and financial decisions, such as loans and purchases. This macroeconomic policy influences the operations of the organizations economic activity (Business Financial Systems, 2009). Macroeconomic factors that influence the operations of the company This paper is written for XYZ Construction, Inc, as the organization transitions from being privately owned to public ownership with their IPO in a few months. In order to adequately discuss the essential economic factors for XYZ horizontal construction company, the two macroeconomic policies have to be defined: Monetary policy is the regulation of the money supply and interest rates by the United States Federal Reserve for the purpose of controlling inflation and stabilizing the currency (Hayat  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Mishra,  2010). Fiscal policy this is the regulation by the government to that affect tax rates, interest rates and spending to control the economy. Like the monetary policy, it uses to stabilize the economy (Hayat  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Mishra,  2010). For XYZ management to have a full understanding of the macroeconomic of open economy, it crucial that we mention the market for loanable funds and the market for foreign exchange in the analysis. In the ma rket for loanable funds, the interest rate adjusts to balance supply for loanable funds from national saving and demand for loanable funds from domestic investment and net capital outflow (Business Financial Systems, 2009). This is represented by the following computation: Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Macroeconomic Theory Of The Economy Finance Essay" essay for you Create order S = I + NCO S represents Saving = Domestic investment + Net capital outflow Since XYZ intent is to go global, it is therefore important explained foreign exchange in my discussion. In the market for foreign exchange, the real exchange rate adjusts to balance the supply of dollars (for net capital outflow) and the demand for dollars (for net exports). Net capital outflow is the variable that connects the two markets (Business Financial Systems, 2009). This is computed in the following: NCO = NX Net capital outflow = Net exports The computation shows that the imbalance between the purchase and sale of capital assets abroad (NCO) equals the imbalance between exports and imports of goods and services (NX). The supply and demand in the foreign exchange market determines the real interest exchange rate and in an open economy (NX=NCO), it allowed for trade and borrowing and lending from the global markets. In some cases, a trade restriction can be imposed to increase the net exports and increases the demand for dollars in the market for foreign exchange. This will result in the dollar appreciating in value, making domestic goods more expensive relative to foreign goods and this increase will balance the net exports (Bergstrand, 1992). Microeconomic considerations relative to the company As the XYZ Construction, Inc., transitions from being privately owned to public ownership with their IPO in a few months, it is important to discuss the global business market and the importance of customer retention and market economies. To further the discussion, microeconomic has to be defined. Microeconomics is the study of how individual firms or consumers do and/or should make economic decisions taking into account such things as: their goals, incentives, objectives; their choices, alternatives, problems; constraints such as inputs, resources, money, time, technology, competition, supply demand factors and All (cash noncash) incremental or marginal benefits and costs (Breser-Pereira, 2009). Countries such as the United States uses microeconomic policies to target cost inflation pressures which cannot be contained effectively by using macroeconomic measures. The organization (XYZ) has to understand that microeconomics is about how supply and demand interacts in markets. A t this level, participation in global business can help XYZ to achieve economies of scale that cannot be achieved in domestic markets (Breser-Pereira, 2009). Legal considerations relative to equipment leases and e-contracts A contract is a binding agreement made between two competent parties that can be written, verbal or implied. To qualify as a contract, a set of promises must be based on a voluntary agreement, which is made up of an offer and an acceptance of that offer (Miller, Barnes, Bowers, Langvardt, 2007).   The purpose of a contract is to create an agreement that can be supported by the law (Miller, Barnes, Bowers, Langvardt, 2007).   In todays business world of promises and actions, contracts must be made in order to deem those promises legally binding. The essential elements of a contract are: binding agreement, competent parties, form required by law, legal in purpose, consideration, and genuine assent (Koff, 1994). Consideration must be present in a contract in order for the contract to be enforceable. As the XYZ Construction, Inc., transitions from being privately owned to public ownership with their IPO in a few months, it is important for the organization to underst and the legal considerations relative to equipment leases and e-contracts. Organizations are affected by laws and regulations in all their business activities, such as hiring and firing decisions, workplace safety, the manufacturing and marketing of products, and business financing (Business Financial Systems, 2009, p.338). For XYZ management to have good business etiquette, their knowledge of the laws and regulations will be essential and beneficial to the organization (Business Financial Systems, 2009). This knowledge of the laws and regulations will help the organization to prevent legal disputes. The assumption is that since XYZ is a construction company, that equipment will be leased. The common law rule that a contract requires consideration also applies to sales and lease contracts (Business Financial Systems, 2009, p. 379). Compared with the common law of contracts, the UCC places more emphasis on intent, if the parties intended to make a contract. Under the UCC, modifica tions to sales and lease contracts require no consideration. Under the UCC, an organization transfer of the right to possess and use goods for a period in exchange for payment (Business Financial Systems, 2009, p.374). What is this UCC? Uniform Commercial Code is the law that encourages commences (Business Financial Systems, 2009, p.370). The original purpose of UCC was to make different transactions uniform throughout the 50 states of the United States, so businesses and people should not have to worry about understanding the different laws governing financial transactions as they conduct business within the continental U.S.A. This law facilitates commercial transactions by making the laws governing sales and lease contracts uniform, clearer, simpler, and more readily applicable to the numerous difficulties that can arise during such transactions (Business Financial Systems, 2009, p. 370). In order words, it is the streamline processes of handling financial transactions. E-Contracts These are contracts entered into electronically. For XYZ to do business via the internet the organization has to protect itself against contract disputes and legal liability by creating offers that clearly spell out the terms that will govern the transactions if the offers are accepted or clearly understands the offers made to them (Business Financial Systems, 2009, p.396). The acceptance can be done in several ways, such as the e-signature, click-on agreement and browse-wrap terms (Business Financial Systems, 2009, p.399). Employment and labor law influences as the company grows As the XYZ Construction, Inc., transitions from being privately owned to public ownership with their IPO in a few months, it is important that the management pay attention to employment and labor laws. XYZ management goals are to increase the organizations profits through improved working conditions, salaries, and benefits (Business Financial Systems, 2009, p.409). This discussion will deal with certain laws and regulations that will be beneficial to the management of XYZ Construction, Inc. The organization must comply with laws and regulations to ensure that employee rights are protected (Business Financial Systems, 2009, p. 409). The following laws and regulations are some that the organization has to comply: Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) Prevents fraud and other abuses associated with private pension plans. Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA) Permits employees and their beneficiaries to continue their group health insurance after a n employees employment has ended. Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) Guarantees workers up to twelve weeks of unpaid leave in a twelve-month period to attend to family and medical emergencies Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) Makes it unlawful for employers to hire illegal immigrants. Employers are required to complete INS Form I-9 attesting legal U.S. citizenship or legal alien status of each employee. Minimum Wage and Overtime Pay Employers are required to pay covered (non-exempt) workers at least the minimum wage for their regular work hours. Overtime pay is also mandated. Worker Health and Safety Under the common law, employees injured on the job had to rely on tort law or contract law theories in suits they brought against their employers (Business Financial Systems, 2009, p.415). Worker safety and health should be a primary concern to XYZ management. The benefits of the use safety and health system in the workplace are: it will cause the reduction of work related injuries and illnesses; will improve morale and productivity and reduce workers compensation costs, whereby making the organization profitable (Business Financial Systems, 2009). Conclusion In order for XYZ Construction, Inc., to function properly in the domestic and global market, safety and health, economic, employment and labor laws forces must be clearly understood.

Of Mice and Men and American Dream - 863 Words

Hopes and dreams are important in ‘Of Mice and Men.’ Not is it important to the characters of the story itself, it is the theme of the novel. In this essay I will talk about the hopes and dreams of the main ensemble and also about the context of the novel, the American Dream and the Great Depression on the 1930’s. I will also talk about the poem Steinbeck based the book’s title off and how important it is to the book’s overall theme. The dream of attaining land and – ultimately – happiness is one which motivates nearly every character. George often speaks to Lennie of a farm where the two of them can live in peace â€Å"an’ live off the fatta the lan’.† In these instances, at the novel’s opening and its ending, George is the accomplished†¦show more content†¦He is at ease with his situation, and by comparing the contrast of his state with the other characters, one can only assume that the others have their dreams because of their reluctance to accept that the world is a harsh place. Only the innocent can take comfort from dreams and with his childlike characteristics, Lennie represented innocence itself. His innocence influences the other characters, George most obviously. â€Å"(Lennie) usta like to hear about (getting the farm) so much,† reveals George near the end of the novel, â€Å"I got to thinking maybe we would.† That is why hope is so impor tant to the ‘Of Mice and Men’ characters. ‘Of Mice and Men’ is reflective of the time it was written, during the Great Depression of the 1930’s. Many Americans naively assumed that California was a place where one could start anew and own land. This dream for land and for untarnished happiness was called the American Dream. The reality was that many Californians were unemployed and struggling to even have bread on the table. Born in Salinas, California, in 1902, Steinbeck must have witnessed for himself the hopelessness of the American Dream. He wrote that Lennie’s â€Å"earthly longings †¦ was not to represent insanity at all but the inarticulate and powerful yearning of all men.† In saying that, he suggested that the dreams and hopes of the American people were pertinent to the novel. The title of the book itself implies how important dreams areShow MoreRelatedOf Mice and Men and the American Dream912 Words   |  4 PagesStienbeck’s novel â€Å"Of Mice and Men† is about the death of the American dream. George, Lennie and Candy’s dream is to own their own piece of land to work and live independently on. This dream is destroyed by Lennie’s ignorance and Lennie’s strength, which he cannot control. Curley’s wife’s dream is to be a famous Hollywood actress. Her dream is destroyed by her marriage to Curley and the Hollywood director who promised to contact her about her acting career but never has. Crook’s dream is for equality.Read MoreOf Mice And Men And The American Dream Theme756 Words   |  4 Pageshad no self courage, and especially, had dreams that seemed impossible. Of Mice and Men creates a world of gloom, sadness but also joy. The novella specifies many problems that the world had and still has in mod ern day. The novella is driven by a common theme that shows the flaws and strengths of the characters. The American Dream is an important theme in Of Mice and Men because it helps the characters look forward to a better future. Also, The American Dream makes the characters make important decisionsRead MoreOf Mice and Men: The Death of the American Dream1178 Words   |  5 Pages The Death of the American Dream The American Dream has always been one of the most prominent ideals in American society. Of Mice and Men was written by Steinbeck in 1937. It focuses on the lives of two men, Lennie and George, as they try to fulfill their own American Dream of owning a small farm. While this seems like an attainable dream in the beginning, Steinbeck chooses instead to destroy this dream utterly with the death of Lennie. Curley’s wife had an American Dream of being an actressRead MoreOf Mice and Men on the American Dream Essay1348 Words   |  6 PagesOf Mice and Men: The American Dream Quote #1: I remember about the rabbits, George.The hell with the rabbits. That’s all you can ever remember is them rabbits. (1.18-19) | This is the first mention we have of the American dream. Even from the introduction, it seems Lennie is more excited than George about the prospect. George’s easy dismissal of them rabbits makes it seem as though he thinks the whole thing is silly. This will get more difficult as we realize that George might be as excitedRead MoreThe American Dream In John Steinbecks Of Mice And Men761 Words   |  4 PagesPropaganda filters throughout the world to lean people’s views one way or another. In Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck, he uses George and Lennie, Crooks, and Curley’s wife to demonstrate the American Dream. This is unattainable but is their motivation to carry on their daily on the ranch lives. George and Lennie’s actions revolve around their American Dream. In a conversation between George and Lennie they discuss their dream, George states â€Å"... We’re gonna get the jack together and we’re gonna have a littleRead MoreThe American Dr eam in Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck710 Words   |  3 PagesThe American Dream is something that many individuals have desired for countless years. Although it has evolved during the past couple of years, many individuals still strive to achieve it. Steinbeck’s novel Of Mice and Men illustrates this American Dream of the 1930’s, which is looked upon as impossible through the failure of George and Lennie’s achievement. â€Å"The story Of Mice and Men and the American Dream is known to be somewhat different; it can define the independence and self-sufficiency forRead MoreThe American Dream in Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck712 Words   |  3 PagesThe American Dream in Of Mice and Men The American dream is the traditional social ideals of the US, such as equality, democracy, and material prosperity. In the Novella Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck the American Dream plays a huge role in almost every character’s lives, and the different version of the American dream for each individual has affected both their lives and the outcome of this novella. The American dream plays a role that makes each character more hard working and perseveredRead MoreThe American Dream In John Steinbecks Of Mice And Men804 Words   |  4 PagesDreams are meant to be dreamt but are never attained. In the riveting novella of Of Mice and Men, two â€Å"bindlestiffs†, George and Lennie (the protagonists), search for a job in Soledad, a small town not too far from Salinas, during the poverty-stricken era of the 1930s. During the 1930s, many â€Å"Okies†, unemployed and impecunious migrants from the Midwest, traveled to California in search of a dwelling and an occupation. All of them aspired to be wealthy and have all the fancy goods and chattels inRead MoreEssay on American Dreams and Its Depiction in `of Mice and Men.508 Words   |  3 PagesThe phrase `Of Mice and Men, was first used by James Truslow Adams in his book The Epic of America in 1931. The American Dream is a dream of a land in which life should be better, richer, fuller and with opportunity for each. It is a dream of social order in which each man and woman should be able to achieve the fullest stature of which they are capable of, and be recognized for what they are, regardless of the circumstances of birth or position. It ideally constitutes life, liberty,Read MoreThe American Dream in Steinbecks Of Mice and Men Essay2971 Words   |  12 PagesThe American Dream in Steinbecks Of Mice and Men Of Mice and Men is a story set during the 1930s America, this was a time when the great depression had hit the world. This novel was written by John Steinbeck who had based most of his work in the story location. The main aspect of this story evolves around the American dream, and how it is perceived by the characters. The American dream is an expression for everything great in life; it is based on a dream that has

Marketing Communication Functions

Question: How Supporting Marketing Communication Functions Will be Utilized to Maximize Effectiveness? Answer: How Supporting Marketing Communication Functions Will Be Utilized To Maximize Effectiveness At Toys R US it is our critical goal to eradicate interference of emerging informational technology gadgets such as mobile phones and television games and maximize our business returns. In our Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) we are looking at all aspects of our selling activities and ensuring every area supports the next. In our marketing communication plan, we focused entirely on advertising since the company is doing well in other promotional mixes such as sales promotion and public relations. This essay serves two purposes. At first, it will show how advertising contributes to the current state of affairs of these promotional mixes. Secondly, it will provide an accounting budget for advertising at Toys R US Inc. Marketing communication functions will be used at Toys R US to streamline commodities development. For the past few decades, Toys R US has been using advertising strategies to generate products with the best opportunities of making proceeds. This is so because advertising mechanisms implemented by this organization start with conducting a thorough marketplace research, taking into consideration the level of competition, optimal target customers as well as emerging trends. The company will, therefore, use this information to determine the looked-for benefits by the buyers, and what they are willing to pay for the company toys. This way Toys R US will differentiate products from those of competitors (Kitchen, 2009). Marketing communication functions will be utilized at Toys R US to determine optimal prices for products. Information gathered from the marketing research will be used in this case to set the best prices for toys. These prices will be set in accordance with the data collected in the marketing research. If the toy buyers want a higher-end commodity in our category, our pricing plan will require us to sell our brands at prices that generate a higher-end perceived value. If we realize that our targeted customers are bargain conscious and prepared to accepts less bells and whistles on Toys R USs commodities in exchange for paying less, our pricing stratagem will impel us to sell at or beneath the competitors prices (Hodgson, Willows, European Council of International Schools., Council of International Schools, 2010). Marketing communication functions will be used at Toys R' US to establish an efficient distribution mechanism of commodities. The moment we know our brand features we shall provide, who our primary customers are, and our pricing echelons, and select the best terminals to sell our toys to optimize our marketing effectiveness. Younger buyers will most likely start their toy shopping online using smartphones, and use online-based payment schemes such as PayPal or credit cards. Their parents or older customers may prefer to buy the toys at retail shop outlets. If our market analysis discloses that we need to operate in retail to tap many clients, but we lack sales force in the region, we shall utilize distributors and wholesalers. Marketing communication functions will also be used to create the brand of the company. This includes corporate image of the business as perceived by external publics. Product development processes through advertising will prompt the general publics to expresses their views how they feel about the company and in overall the products dealt in. Information gathered in their feedback will be used develop the corporate image of Toys R US Inc. as well as its reputation (Lockhart, 2011). Besides, marketing communication functions will be utilized to bring about solidarity and teamwork at Toys R US Inc. Ideally, marketing strategies will incentivize, company departments to work collaboratively because they will all be working on the same strategy. For instance, the advertising specialists will talk to the products development personnel to decide on what message should be disseminated to the customers about the benefits they reap from the company products. Salespersons will liaise with individuals responsible for preserving the corporate image and decide whether they can offer goods at discounts, rebates or coupons without tarnishing the reputation of the firm (Jenster, Smith, Hayes, 2005). Accounting budget for advertising at Toys R US TYPE OF CAMPAIGN ANTICIPATED SUB-TOTAL Percentage Countrywide Advertising $1,000.00 3% Local Advertising $5,100.00 9% Public Relations $600.00 1% Content Advertising $12,500.00 22% Social Media platforms advertising $5,500.00 10% Online advertising $2,400.00 5% Web-based advertising $5,400.00 10% Market Analysis $3,800.00 7% Sales Campaigns $5,600.00 9% Others $2,165.00 5% $109,430.00 After determining the net annual budget for advertising, the company aims at aligning the budget with the primary marketing objectives. However, the company anticipates that the expenses will fluctuate from month to month and as such all categories listed in the budget are flexible and the allocated values will be changed depending on the prevailing economic conditions. References Hodgson, A., Willows, D., European Council Of International Schools., Council Of International Schools. (2010).Effective Marketing, Communications, and Development. Melton, Woodbridge: John Catt Educational. Jenster, P. V., Smith, D. E., Hayes, H. M. (2005).Managing Business Marketing Sales: An International Perspective. Frederiksberg: Copenhagen Business School. Kitchen, P. J. (2009).Marketing Communications: Principles And Practice. London: International Thomson Business Press. Lockhart, J. (2011).How to Market Your School: A Guide to Marketing, Communication, and Public Relations for School Administrators. Lanham, Md: Rowman Littlefield Education.

You Cant Have Everything, Where Would You Put It Hoarders free essay sample

You cant have everything, where would you put it? Hoarders Imagine you wake to find that your house is on fire. Most people can name the few possessions that are near and dear to their hearts that they would grab immediately before exiting their burning home. Imagine feeling that strongly about each and every single thing you possess, and now imagine that your home is so full of possessions that all that stuff actually prohibits you exiting in a safe and timely manner during any emergency situation, including a fire. Compulsive Hoarding Syndrome affects approximately 1. to 2 million people in the United States. It is hard to prepare the numbers of hoarders for statistics because of the debilitating shame the people who suffer from this mental illness feel, therefore, many are not even counted. It is also hard because there is not a consistent definition of Hoarding or Compulsive Hoarding Syndrome. We will write a custom essay sample on You Cant Have Everything, Where Would You Put It? Hoarders or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The term is used to describe a broad spectrum of behavioral abnormalities. The most commonly accepted definition is a person who acquires and fails to discard enormous amounts of possessions that are useless or of very ittle value to most people, the clutter imposes such an inconvenience that normal uses of most rooms are not able to be used for the designated purpose and the clutter causes much distress and limited functioning of the person with the syndrome. I wish to define the different types of hoarding, expose the dangers of hoarding, and explain some treatment options. According to the Journal of Anxiety Disorders, â€Å"little is known about onset and course of compulsive hoarding† (Grisham). There are several common types of hoarding. One is known as the frugal mentality hoarder who thinks that nothing should be wasted, my very own grandmother is one of this type. Next is the scarcity mentality hoarder who thinks only of if the depression returns (referring to the Great Depression of the late 1920s). Another is the frozen indecision hoarder who finds no decision easy. Ordinary hoarders possess primarily objects. Animal hoarders possess more animals that they are equipped to care for in their home, in some extreme cases it involves over 300 animals. Trash hoarders, also alled Syllogomania, possess things that most of think of as trash. There are many dangers created by compulsive hoarding disorder. One is the health hazards created by all the items in the home that can create an infestation of many types of bugs or even mold due to the lack of being able to properly clean around and under the mountains of possessions that are in the home. Some hoarders have been forced to live in a tent in their yard to escape the infestation of bed bugs that are impossible to properly exterminate in their cluttered home. Social Services have removed families from their homes due to mold growing amongst their many possessions. Injury is another common hazard in the home of a Hoarder. Injuries have been sustained from tripping and falling over the mounds of clutter. People have even been crushed to their death from so many items being stacked to the ceiling that unexpectedly fall crushing them to the point that they are unable to break free to call for help. Finally, the isolation that people who hoard usually suffer from creates a hazard to addressing more serious roblems like depression, suicidal thoughts, or even something as simple as a leaky gas line not being properly fixed due to the shame of letting a repairman in the house to fix it. Just like the common cold, there is no cure for compulsive hoarding. Although compulsive hoarding accompanies OCD in approxamately 25% to 40% of individuals diagnosed â€Å"Traditional treatments for OCD have not proven to be effective with compulsive hoarders† ( Saxena). Treatment includes â€Å"Intensive multimodal treatment found effective in pilot studies following a course of up to one year† (Saxena). This treatment focused on discarding, organizing, preventing incoming clutter and introducing alternative behaviors. Compulsive hoarding is a dangerous, devastating disorder that is not well understood, lacks a consistent definition, has incomplete statistics and is difficult to treat. Works Cited Grisham, J. R. , R. O. Frost, G. Steketee, H. Kim, S. Hood. (2006). Age of Onset of Compulsive Hoarding. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 20, 675-686. Saxena, Sanjaya and Karron M. Maidment. (2004). Treatment of Compulsive Hoarding. JCLP/In Session, 60,(11), 1143-1154.

Political Institutions and their Effect on Economic Policy essays

Political Institutions and their Effect on Economic Policy essays Political Institutions and their Effect on Economic Policy Imagine, if you will, a country with no political institutions. A country ruled by anarchy. What kind of economic policy would this country have or would it have one at all? Now imagine a country with highly powerful and regimented political institutions. What kind of economic policy would this country have? The two fictitious countries mentioned above would certainly have very different economic policies. The first would probably be lucky to even have an economic policy at all. Its citizens would live in a world of economic uncertainty, never knowing what their future may hold. On the other hand, the citizens of the second country, although possibly unhappy with their ruler, would at least have a pretty good idea of their economic future. These citizens would be able to place their money in banks and exchange it in international markets. They could save for their future without the fear of having everything taken from them at any given moment. What is it though that makes the economic policies of these countries so different? While there are clearly many factors that affect a country's economic policy, in this paper I would like to argue that the most important one is the presence or lack of strong political institutions. In the beginning large nations or political states did not exist. The law of the land was every man for himself. As time went on small bands of people began to form. In the beginning membership in such groups was voluntary, but those who joined soon learned of the benefits of cooperation. With time these bands became larger and larger and it was apparent that some groups were stronger than others. The strongest of these groups became what is known as "roving bandits". (Olson 1993,568). If the "roving bandits" can be seen as the first form of political institution then the ...

Sexual Disorders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Sexual Disorders - Essay Example Nowadays, there is a universal framework of sexual disorders in terms of their causes, i.e. the scheme which will be presented below, can be applied to various forms of sexual imbalance. As Krueger and Kaplan write, Freudian approach to sexual dysfunction (Freud and his disciples identified sexual disorders as a result of incomplete Oedipus’ and Electra’s complexes in males and females correspondingly) is out-of-date, as psychodynamic perspective has already proved its inconsistency unless it is combined with social psychological views ( Krueger and Kaplan, 2000). As the scholars write, human matrix of sexual behavior underlies in the set of accepted sexual norms. â€Å"A forbidding, puritanical rejection of physical sexuality, including touching, by a parent engenders guilt and shame in a child and inhibits his capacity for enjoying sex and developing healthy intimate relationships as an adult. Relations with parents may be damaged by excessive emotional distance, by punitive behaviors, or by overt seductiveness and sexual exploitation† (Krueger and Kaplan, 2000). Fergusson adds to this viewpoint and claims that a number of sexual disorders are rooted in human guilt associated with masturbation (Fergusson, 1999), towards which the society has developed punitive attitudes so that the individual feels sexually marginalized (even though statistics suggests that about 97% males and 80% females satisfy their sexual needs on their own (ibid)) and thus impaired in terms of sexual performance. Furthermore, intensive and frequent sexual activity can also result in the ‘sexual tiredness’ and the emergence of sexual disorders, which serve the goals of sexual novelty and re-obtaining of intimacy (Federhoff et al, 1999). Furthermore, Federhoff and his colleagues hold that the gradual destruction of the bond between emotionality and sexuality leads to the mechanization of sexual life with following emergence of sexual

Relationships between Critical Thinking & Ethics Essay

Relationships between Critical Thinking & Ethics - Essay Example These values are such as justice, wisdom, care, and compassion, which are lacking in the case of execution of prisoners in order to sell their body parts. Critical thinking enables individuals to make decisions based on verified information and truths. In the case of human organ selling, there is an apparent deviation in the act by the military through their brainwashing due to money. The military and Dr. Dye fail to identify the importance of life due to greed for money. In both cases, the military and the doctor failed to ensure the human right to life. Restricting to logical rules and guidelines will not require ethical decision-making process. Critical thinking determines ways of analyzing and differentiating facts from fiction or a way of understanding or making new discoveries (Ruggiero, 2011). Critical thinking influences culture that determines the way of life of a person through equipping one with a mental process of evaluation. The mental process forms a ground that determines the ethical standards. An inference that critical thinking forms the overall determination of moral values can be made. In the scenario considered, if the military, doctor, and the prospective customers did put considerable thought to the inhumanity of the business, they would not have been

Libraire Gallimard Essay Example for Free

Libraire Gallimard Essay With people nowadays trying find the meaning of their existence and the true way to live, one can understand why there would be confusion among the members of society since there will, inevitably, exist differences and approaches on how to find the answers one is looking for. Yet we tend to forget the basics and focus on the outside, on the world and let other people dictate how we are supposed to live our lives and who we are supposed to be. I, on the other hand, believe that existentialism is the only way to truly live one’s life. To live is to ‘hold the reigns’ and refuse to let other people define how you must act. Quoting one of the passages from the book by Albert Camus entitled The Stranger: â€Å"With death so near, Mother must have felt like someone on the brink of freedom, ready to start life all over again. No one, no one in the world had any right to weep for her. And I, too, felt ready to start life all over again. It was as if that great rush of anger had washed me clean, emptied me of hope, and, gazing up at the dark sky spangled with its signs and stars, for the first time, the first, I laid my heart open to the benign indifference of the universe. To feel it so like myself, indeed, so brotherly, made me realize that I’d been happy, and that I was happy still. † The protagonist in the novel clearly demonstrates the basic idea of existentialism—where man is free and is the author of his life and his decisions help shape his destiny, personality and where his life will lead him; a man who is free also asserts himself and does not conform and is â€Å"against totality or the collectivity or any tendency to depersonalization. † (Copleston 22). The protagonist, in the end, realized the indifference of the cosmos and accepted the fact that in the end, there is no meaning and letting one’s care (for how other people see him) control him entraps him in the label that is ‘unhappy’ when in fact he was happy all along. With these tendencies, it is not surprising that individuals themselves forget how to live and concentrate on pleasing others by living by the terms that are imposed by other people. In the novel, The Stranger, the protagonist was on trial for the murder of a man—what condemned him in the end was not the murder itself but for the fact that he refused to show remorse at his mother’s wake, which is absurd. Yet, if we think about it, in principle, those situations tend to happen, from simple gossip of ordinary people to the accusations hurled by powerful figures in the government. People tend to set a definition of good or evil, what is socially acceptable and what is not; the tendency is that people are trapped by these set definitions whereas in the total schema of things, life and the world itself is meaningless. There is no real definition since definition itself is manmade. In the end, the protagonist realized that he was happy and he was free despite the fact that other people have ‘defined’ him as a heartless murderer and an indifferent son. Most of us tend to take into consideration how other people see us; how we ‘fit in’ our society and refuse to be ostracized and be different; example is the wake of the protagonist’s mother in the novel. In a wake of a loved one, one is expected to show remorse. If one fails to do so, one is automatically branded negatively. If one would let go of these ‘cares’ and live life according to their definition, one can be happier and can truly live. What is ‘happiness’ or ‘being alive’ for us will and must be defined by none other than ourselves; for if we let other people set the standards for ‘happiness’ and ‘living’, it is not our ‘happiness’ and ‘life’ but theirs. Of course, one must never see existentialism as an excuse to murder a man or commit a wrong—one should always remember that even if ‘existentialists’ would live life by their own definitions, these people are still principled people and answer to themselves. Works Cited: Camus, Albert. The Stranger. France: Libraire Gallimard, 1943. Copleston, F. C. â€Å"Existentialism. † Philosophy Vol. 23, (1948): 19-37.

Antony and Cleopatra :: essays research papers

‘Antony and Cleopatra’. The simplicity of the Jacobean Stage and its lack of scenery focused the audiences’ attention on the actors. Discuss how Shakespeare created the grandeur of the Worlds of Rome and Egypt, and the magnificence of the protagonists, through his use of imagery in ‘Antony and Cleopatra’. The play of ‘Antony and Cleopatra’ was written in 1606, and is mainly set in their respective worlds of Rome and Egypt. ‘Antony and Cleopatra,’ like Shakespeare’s other plays was written to be performed on the Jacobean Stage. In Shakespeare’s time there was a lack of scenery and stage props, but he compensated with his use of language that he gave to the audience, to assist them, bring to life the characters, plot and the setting in their own minds. That was the past, here and now in the present, we go to the Cinema, which is full of special effects, computerised graphics, and exciting camera shots, which all goes towards creating a typical Hollywood blockbuster film. With ‘Antony and Cleopatra this is not necessary as it is still more effective on the stage than on screen, which is due to the elaborate language used, which tests our imagination. Shakespeare’s plays are written in dramatic verse and his use of imagery is very effective, as it engages the audiences’ attention, to give them a deeper meaning and reality to each and every character. In order to analyse how Shakespeare uses imagery to describe Antony and his world of Rome, and Cleopatra and her world of Egypt, it is necessary to look at how he breathes life into their larger than life personalities by the use of powerful, vivid language. The opening speech raises the audiences’ awareness of the Roman view towards Antony and Cleopatra’s relationship. â€Å"You shall see him The triple pillar of the world transformed into a strumpet’s fool,† which ultimately means that Antony is Cleopatra’s jester, that would do anything for her and that his imminent downfall is due to Cleopatra the â€Å"Strumpet†. Mark Antony’s character at the beginning of the play, is that of a great, powerful, triumvir whose heart has been entrapped by Cleopatra’s enchanting personality. The audience hears many good things about Antony’s character, which is shown through his great past, â€Å"It is reported thou didst eat strange flesh which some did die look on,† which informs us that he was a great warrior which evoke feelings of respect towards him.

Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis

There are around 5000 languages in use today, and each is quite different from many of the others. Many thinkers have urged that large differences in language lead to large differences in experience and thought. They hold that each language embodies a worldview, which speakers of different languages think about the world in quite different ways. At first I didn’t really understood what was being said, and I was really against it, but after asking myself, really? Knowing a different amount of words to describe things would allow us to better understand and communicate, interesting than as we started the color activity it became clear to me.Then immediately I started making connections to friends of mines form other foreign countries. Sometimes we have difficulties explain things to each other, things that are often the same, but because of where he’s from and the way their communication methods (Grammar, metaphors, Pragmatics, Semantics, Lexicon) are structured makes it difficult, to understand him being I’m form a different part of the world, meaning a different form of communication method, with a different set of rules.Form what I have read and understand the most important discussions of the linguistic relativity hypothesis have focused on grammar and lexicon which seem to be the most valid in my opinion. Why? I’m guessing it have something to do with the way we talk, and the influence it have on a lot of how much we understand, based on our vocabulary choices and makeup. For example a typical word order may vary in English; the common order is subject, verb, and object.In Japanese it is subject, object, and verb, and in Latin several different spin (word order). Languages can differ in whether they make a distinction between intransitive verbs and adjectives; there are many subtler sorts of grammatical difference as well. Grammar here does not mean the grammar we learned in grammar school, but the syntactic structure of a languag e; in the sense that grammar contains a set of rules that can generate all and only the sentences of a given language.

Converting Yards to Meters - Example Problem

This example problem demonstrates how to convert 100 yards to meters. Both yards and meters are common units of length, so the conversion is simple: Yards to Meter Conversion Problem   An American football field has 100 yards of playing field. How far is this in meters?SolutionStart out with a conversion factor: 1 yard 0.9144 metersSet up the conversion so that the desired unit will be canceled out. In this case, we want m to be the remaining unit.distance in m (distance in yard) x (0.9144 m/1 yd)distance in m (100 x 0.9144) mdistance in m 91.44 mAnswer100 yards is equal to 91.44 meters.Many conversion factors  are difficult to remember. Feet to meters would fall into this category. An alternate method to perform this conversion is to use multiple easily remembered steps.1 yard 3 feet1 foot 12 inches1 inch 2.54 centimeters100 centimeters 1 meter Using these steps we can express a distance in meters from yards as:distance in m (distance in yd) x (3 ft/1 yd) (12 in/1 ft) x (2.54 cm/1 in) x (1 m/100 cm)distance in m (distance in yd) x 0.9144 m/ydNote this gives the same conversion factor as above. The only thing to watch out for is for the intermediate units to cancel out.

Man Or Monster By Mary Shelley s Frankenstein And Oscar...

Man or Monster? According to Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary, a monster is defined as â€Å"an animal or plant of abnormal form or structure.† While this definition holds some truth, it is limited to only describing external appearances. In fact, what distinguishes a monster from a seemingly â€Å"civilized† man is often not manifested through external appearances. The true monsters are individuals who fail to maturely take responsibility for their actions. In Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein and Oscar Wilde’s The Picture of Dorian Gray, the â€Å"monsters† come from creators that will not take responsibilities for their actions and properly care for their creations; therefore, these neglecting creators are the true monsters and not the innocent, impressionable creations. Victor Frankenstein’s characterization and family background establish his nature as the true â€Å"monster† in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein. Victor had an idyllic childhood, wh ich laid the foundation to his self-absorbed and uncaring behavior later in life. As a child, both Victor’s mother and father provided him with excessive care, love, compassion and the freedom to pursue whatever his heart desired. In describing his relationship with his parents, Victor states, â€Å"They seemed to draw inexhaustible stores of affection from a very mine of love just to bestow them on me† (Shelley 19). This idea of showering their son with excessive affection is further demonstrated when Alphonse and Caroline adopted Elizabeth Lavenza into their familyShow MoreRelatedFrankenstein And The Picture Of Dorian Gray As British Gothic Literature1837 Words   |  8 PagesEric Haney Mr. Kearney English 4 AP 27 May 2015 Frankenstein and The Picture of Dorian Gray as British Gothic Literature â€Å"There is something at work in my soul, which I do not understand.† This quote from Mary Shelley s classic gothic novel Frankenstein is very representative of the functional importance of gothic literature to humanity. Gothic literature can be viewed as the dark side of the human soul, as good usually triumphs over evil in storytelling; gothic literature is the releaseRead MoreThe Period Called Romanticism: Representations of Terror in Literature2051 Words   |  9 Pagesterror reaction . In the human history, fear is a distressing negative emotion, which has been playing a very important role in the personal and social life, through the centuries and becoming a substantial part of the psychological background of the man. The emotion of fear is not a stranger to the majority of people and it would not be an exaggeration to say that every person is afraid of something. As H.P. Lovecraft stated â€Å"The oldest and strongest emotion of mankind is fear, and the oldest and strongestRead MoreEssay on The Gothic Genre and What it Entails6177 Words   |  25 Pagessuperior, enduring Gothic texts definitely reflect political ideal and contemporaneous social features which touched the vast majority of people. This is especially apparent if one traces the maturation of the form from Walpole (1764) to Mary Shelley (1818) and Maturin (1820). (For example William Godwins Caleb Williams (1794)had an overt political message intended to expose the inadequacy of Things as they are). During the development of the Gothic the motifs become less

Adolescent´s Drug Abuse on the Rise - 737 Words

2. There are over 11 million adolescents and young adults between the ages of 12-25 that abuse and use drugs in the U.S. 90 % of these need treatment and are unable to get the help they need. Drug use is highest among individuals in their late teens. In the U.S, there are approximately 60.6% of youths that are dependent, or abuse drugs.In the U.S. alone, the related public health, social services, public safety, and lost of productivity cost society $465 billion a year (NSDUA, 2009). The damage that addiction inflicts on adolescents, compels the schools, the family, and the nation to try and save our teens. Drug abuse can be defines as the use of any chemical substance that causes physical, mental, emotional, or social harm to an individual or to those close to him. It is often said that it takes a village to raise a child. This could not be truer than in the case adolescent drug abuse. The statistics of alcohol and drug abuse among our teens are devastating. Understanding the dise ase of addiction, the effects it has on the individual, the family and community, education, awareness, and prevention and intervention, along with knowledge of community resources can help to greatly impact the future of our teens. TO LONG OF SENTENCE., REWORD, OR CHANGE PUNCTUATION Teens are said to start using drugs for four main reasons. They tend to use drugs to (1) improve their mood; (2) to receive social rewards; (3) to self-medicate; and (4) to avoid socialShow MoreRelatedAdolescent Drug Abuse1306 Words   |  6 PagesAdolescent Drug Abuse I.) Introduction: Crack, booze, pot, crystal- from the inner city to the suburbs to small towns, the world of the adolescent is permeated by drugs. When a little harmless experimentation becomes addiction, parents, teachers, and clinicians are often at a loss. For this age group (roughly ages 13 to 23), traditional substance abuse programs simply are not enough (Nowinski, inside cover). 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According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, â€Å"prescription drug abuse is the use of a medication without a prescription, in a way other than as prescribed, of for the experience or feelings elicited.† This is a pervasive problem that is in fact consuming the lives of many teens, primarily because prescription drugs are easily accessible in their environment. There are several interpersonalRead MoreThe Effects Of Drug Abuse On The United States1717 Words   |  7 Pagesdemonstrate the absurdity of the drug abuse problems in the United States, it should be brought to light that the 2014 National Survey on Drug Use Health estimated that â€Å"27 million people aged 12 or older have used an illicit drug in the past 30 days† (Hedden, Kennet, Lipari, Medley, Tice, 2015). As gun violence has become a popular topic in America over the past few years due to its’ related deaths, many Americans’ fail to realize that more people are dying from drug overdose than by weapon. In today’s

Criminal Law Free Essays

Mens Rea refers to the guilty mind required for criminal liability. Intention and recklessness are the two forms of Mens Rea that are part of most offences and have been the subject of judicial scrutiny. There is a vast volume of case law on intention and recklessness which demonstrates the problems that courts have had in perfecting an appropriate definition. We will write a custom essay sample on Criminal Law or any similar topic only for you Order Now Mens Rea is concerned with the defendants state of mind at the time of the Actus Reus. It is difficult to prove what was in someones mind which partially explains why the courts struggle with these words. Intention is the most culpable form of mens Rea. This is because it is more blameworthy to cause harm deliberately (intention) than it is to do so carelessly (recklessness). Therefore intention is used in more serious offences. Murder requires intention to kill or cause GBH which sets it apart from other, less capable, forms of homicide. There is normally no need for an elaborate definition of intention in order to decide whether an Actus Reus was intended. A few exceptional situations may present difficulty , but usually the analysis will be intuitively obvious. â€Å"The general legal opinion is that ‘intention’ cannot be satisfactorily defined and does not need a definition, since everybody knows what it means†. Lord Bridge in R v Moloney [1985] AC 905, 926 states that â€Å"the golden rule should be that the judge should avoid any elaboration paraphrase of what is meant by intent, and leave it to the jury’s good sense to decide whether the accused acted with the necessary intent†. This is where the first form of intention, direct intention, falls under. Direct intention corresponds with the everyday meaning of intention. A person who has causing death as his aim, purpose or goal has direct intention to kill. It was defined in Mohan [1976] as ‘a decision to bring about the commission of an offence, no matter whether the defendant desired the consequences of his act or not. Some cases are difficult which means that we do sometimes need guidelines about what intention means. The legal territory of intention comprises two alternative categories. D may be found to have intended the Actus Reus if I) D intended the Actus Reus in the ordinary, core sense of â€Å"intention†; or ii) D recognised that the Actus Reus was a virtually certain consequence of his actions. The first case, is the standard or core variety and largely reflects the ordinary language meaning of â€Å"intention†. In this paradigm case, D tries to bring about the relevant outcome. For whatever reason, he wants or needs to bring about that outcome, and that is why he acts as he does. By contrast, in the virtual certainty case, (ii), D does not act in order to bring about the intended outcome. He acts for other reasons. However he knows that the Actus Reus is a virtually certain consequence of his actions. Though that is not what he is trying to bring about, it is a practically inevitable concomitant. In very rare or exceptional cases, the result might not be D’s aim or purpose. In such cases, D still might legally intend the result and so further direction to the jury is needed. This is where the second form of intention comes in, indirect/oblique intention. Glanville Williams (1987) described oblique intention as something you see clearly but out the corner of your eye, a side effect that you accept as an inevitable or ‘certain’ accompaniment of your direct intent. To be able to understand oblique intention in more depth, it is important to look at the progression of the case law that aided the development of indirect intention. Moloney in the House of Lords: used ‘natural consequences ‘ to describe something that necessarily followed the defendant’s pursuit of his primary purpose. This was ambiguous as natural consequences need not be inevitable: pregnancy is a natural consequence of intercourse but it is by no means inevitable. Hancock and Shankland then addressed this ambiguity, stating that reference should be made to the degree of probability that the prohibited outcome would result from the defendant achieving his primary purpose. Their reasoning was such that, the greater the probability of the consequence, the more likely it was that the result was foreseen, then the higher the level of foreseeability of the result and the more likely it was that the result was intended. Moloney, Hancock and Shankland conflicted in their formulation of an appropriate test of oblique intention. Nedrick in the court of Appeal addressed the conflict and formulated the virtual certainty test which conveyed inevitability (Moloney) and foreseeability (Hancock and Shankland). As Nedrick lacked the authoritative status of a House of Lords decision, subsequent case law eroded the narrow virtual certainty test. In R v Woolin [1999] the defendant threw his baby in exasperation when it would not stop crying. The baby died from head injuries. It was accepted that the defendant did not intend to cause harm to the child. His conviction for murder was upheld by the court of Appeal on the basis that it was not a misdirection to explain oblique intention to the jury in terms of ‘appreciation of a substantial risk of injury’. His appeal was allowed by the House of Lords. Ultimately, the Court of Appeal in Woolin accepted a test based upon ‘substantial risk’ which created a dangerous overlap with recklessness (therefore blurring the line between murder and manslaughter). However, in R v Matthews and Alleyne ([2003] EWCA Crim 192, [2003] 2 Cr App R 30) the defendants appealed against their conviction for murder following the death of a young man (a non-swimmer) whom they had (having burgled) thrown from a bridge into a river. The Court of Appeal affirmed the conviction, which it did not consider unsafe in the light of the evidence, but expressed concern that the Nedrick/Woolin evidential rule should not be treated as if it were a rule of law. A defendant’s foresight of virtually certain death does not automatically require the jury to find that he intended that result: it is merely (albeit often very strong evidence) from which the jury may infer intent. In conclusion, it seems that when looking at oblique intention, there can be some confusion in the courts, however in my opinion, after some progression in this area following the cases of Woolin (1999) and Matthews (2003) the law of intention is satisfactorily defined in the criminal law. How to cite Criminal Law, Papers Criminal Law Free Essays Criminal law addresses the government’s prosecution of individuals who have committed an act classified as a crime. Federal, state, and local governments categorize crime and prosecute criminals. This is the nature and purpose of law. We will write a custom essay sample on Criminal Law or any similar topic only for you Order Now Without laws, people wouldn’t know what to do. The rule of law is the belief that an orderly society must be governed by established principles (laws) and applied fairly to all of its members (basically stating that no one is above the law). For example, if the President decided that he wanted to rob a bank, he would be punished just like everyone else. There are five types of law: criminal law, civil law, administrative law, case law, and procedural law. Civil law is the branch of modern law that governs relationships between parties. Procedural law is the part of the law that specifies the methods to be used in enforcing substantive law. Administrative law is the body of regulations that governments create to control the activities of industry, business, and people. Case law is a legal principle that ensures that previous judicial decisions are authoritatively considered and incorporated into future cases. General categories of crime include: felonies, misdemeanors, offenses, treason and espionage, and inchoate offenses. Felonies are serious crimes (murder, rape, robbery, etc. ) they are punishable by death or by being imprisoned for at least a year. Misdemeanors are minor crimes like petty theft (theft of items of little value), simple assault, etc. They are punishable by a year in prison or less, or by a fine or community service. Offenses (also known as infractions) are less serious than misdemeanors like jaywalking, littering, not putting on a seatbelt, etc. They are punishable by a fine. Treason is a U. S. citizen’s actions to help a foreign government overthrow, make war against, or seriously injure the U. S. Espionage, similar to treason is an offense that can be committed by noncitizens to help injure the U. S. An inchoate offense is an offense not yet completed (for example, conspiracy). When a person is charged with a crime, they usually offer a defense. A defense is evidence or arguments from the accused about why they should not be charged with a crime. There are four categories of defense: 1) alibi, 2) ustifications, 3) excuses, and 4) procedural defenses. An alibi (if it can be verified) shows that the person couldn’t have done the crime because they were somewhere else or with someone else at that time. A justification (like self-defense) means the person admitted to the crime but said it was necessary to prevent something worse from happening. When the accused person offers an excuse, they’re saying that some personal condition (like being drunk) or circumstance (like just being fired) at the time influenced them, and they shouldn’t be punished. Procedural defense claims that the accused was discriminated against in the justice process or some important procedure was not properly followed in the investigation or prosecution of the crime charged. There is also a cultural defense which is a defense in which the defendant’s culture is taken into account in judging his or her culpability. Courts rarely allow this defense, but exceptions are made when groups are able to argue that their religious and cultural rights have been violated. The M’ Naghten rule (a rule for determining insanity) says that a person is not guilty of a crime if at the time of the crime the person didn’t know what they were doing or that what they were doing was wrong. Guilty but mentally ill is a verdict that states that a person can be held responsible for a criminal act even though a degree of mental illness is present. A judge can impose any sentence possible for the crime. Usually mandated psychiatric treatment is part of the sentence. Once cured, the defendant is put in general population to serve any remaining sentence. Temporary insanity is another defense. It means that the accused person claims to have only been insane at the time of the crime. If the jury agrees, the accused can go free. There are consequences to an insanity ruling however; the judge may order the defendant to undergo psychiatric treatment until cured. Since most psychiatrists are reluctant to let patients out, the defendant might stay there longer than they would’ve been in prison. Diminished capacity is a defense meaning the defendant may have a significantly impaired ability to understand the wrongfulness of the crime and to use reason or control behavior that the defendant knows is wrong. Incompetent to stand trial means as a result of mental illness, defect, or disability, the defendant cannot understand the nature of the charges and proceedings against him or her, of consulting with an attorney, and with aiding in his or her own defense. There are seven types of procedural defenses: entrapment, double jeopardy, collateral estoppel, selective prosecution, denial of a speedy trial, prosecutorial misconduct, and police fraud. Entrapment is an improper or illegal inducement to crime by enforcement agents. Double jeopardy is a common law stating a defendant cannot be tried twice for the same crime. You can read also King v Cogdon Collateral estoppel is like double jeopardy but it applies to facts that have been determined by a valid and final judgment. Selective prosecution is based on the 14th amendment’s guarantee of â€Å"equal protection of the laws. † Denial of a speedy trial is pretty much self-explanatory. Prosecutorial misconduct describes actions taken by prosecutors that give the government an unfair advantage or that prejudice the rights of a defendant or witness. When they knowingly permit false testimony or hide information that would help the defense, is prosecutorial misconduct. Police fraud suggests that evidence against a defendant had been made or planted by a police officer because of a general dislike for the defendant. All crimes are said to share certain features that, taken together make up the essence of crime: the criminal act (or actus reus), a culpable mental state (or mens rea), and a concurrence of the two. There are also five additional principles that allow us to really understand crime: 1) causation, 2) a resulting harm, 3) the principle of legality, 4) the principle of punishment, and 5) necessary attendant circumstances. All of this makes up criminal law as we know it today. How to cite Criminal Law, Papers